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1024


历史今天：联合国成立 Founding of the UN
1945 - Founding of the United Nations.
1945年的今天，联合国成立。

历史今天：三十年战争结束 End of the Thirty Years' War
1648 - The Peace of Westphalia is signed, marking the end of the Thirty Years' War.
1648年的今天， 《威斯特法伦和约》签订，标志着三十年战争的结束。
背景资料：
The Thirty Years' War was fought between 1618 and 1648, principally on the territory of today's Germany, and involved most of the major European continental powers. Although it was from the outset a religious conflict between Protestants and Catholics, the rivalry between the Habsburg dynasty and other powers was also a central motive, as shown by the fact that Catholic France even supported the Protestant side, increasing France-Habsburg rivalry.
The Treaty of Westphalia, also known as the Treaties of Münster and Osnabrück, refers to the series of treaties that ended the Thirty Years' War and officially recognized the Dutch Republic and Swiss Confederation. The Spanish treaty which ended the Thirty Years War was signed on January 30, 1648. The treaty signed October 24, 1648 was between the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III, the other German princes, representatives from the Dutch republic, France, and Sweden. The Treaty of the Pyrenees, signed in 1659, ending the war between France and Spain, is also often considered part of the treaty. The peace as a whole is often used by historians to mark the beginning of the modern era.
三十年战争（1618年 - 1648年），是由神圣罗马帝国的内战演变而成的全欧参与的一次大规模国际战争。这场战争是欧洲各国争夺利益、树立霸权以及宗教纠纷剧化的产物，战争以波希米亚人民反抗哈布斯堡皇室统治为肇始，最后以哈布斯堡皇室战败并签订《威斯特伐利亚和约》而告结束。
威斯特伐利亚和约是标志三十年战争结束而签定的一系列和约，签约双方分别是统治西班牙、神圣罗马帝国、奥地利的哈布斯堡王室和法国、瑞典以及神圣罗马帝国内勃兰登堡、萨克森、巴伐利亚等诸侯邦国。而在1648年10月24日签定的西荷和约，正式确认了威斯特伐利亚这一系列和约，并象征三十年战争结束。

历史今天：意大利入侵埃塞俄比亚 Italy invades Ethiopia
1935 - Italy invades Ethiopia.
1935年的今天，意大利入侵埃塞俄比亚。

历史今天：日全食 Total solar eclipse
1995 - A total solar eclipse is visible from Iran, India, Thailand, and SE Asia.
1995年的今天，从伊朗、印度、泰国和东南亚等地可以观察到日全食。

历史今天：协和式飞机最后一次飞行 Concorde makes its last commercial
2003 - Concorde makes its last commercial flight, bringing the era of airliner supersonic transport to a close, at least for the time being.
2003年的今天，协和式飞机进行了其最后一次商业飞行，从而结束了客机的超音带运输时代。

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1025


历史今天：乔治三世国王 King George III
1760 - George III becomes King of Great Britain.
1760年的今天，乔治三世成为大不列颠的国王。

历史今天：多伦多股票交易 Toronto Stock Exchange
1861 - The Toronto Stock Exchange was created.
1861年的今天，多伦多股票交易所创立。

历史今天：轴心国创立 Rome-Berlin Axis is created
1936 - Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini create the Rome-Berlin Axis.
1936年的今天，阿道夫·希特勒与贝尼托·墨索里尼创建了罗马-柏林轴心国。

历史今天：中国首次引爆核装置 China detonates its first nuclear device
1964 - China detonates its first nuclear device.
1964年的今天，中国首次引爆其首枚核装置。

历史今天：WinXP上市 WinXP is released
2001 - Windows XP is officially released.
2001年的今天，Windows XP正式发行。

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1026


历史今天：英足协成立 FA is formed
1863 - The Football Association is formed.
1863年的今天，英格兰足球协会成立。
背景资料：
The Football Association (The FA) is the governing body of football in England (and the Crown dependencies of Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man). The FA has a unique place in the history of football, as it formulated the rules of the modern game.
The FA governs all professional football clubs in England. It is a member of UEFA and FIFA, and holds a permanent seat on the International Football Association Board (IFAB). Unlike other national football associations, it does not take the national name (ie. English) in its title (compare with Scottish Football Association, for example).
英格兰足球协会（The Football Association，简称：The FA）是一个管理英格兰境内（包括其他海外属地：泽西岛，根息岛及马恩岛）有关足球事务的法定机构，于1863年正式成立。
英格兰足球协会是世界上最早成立的足球官方总会，负责英格兰境内一切的足球事务。具体工作包括设立比赛规条、管理英格兰国家足球代表队、改革足球联赛、仲裁英格兰一切球会纷争等等。英格兰足球协会同时亦是欧洲足协和国际足协的会员。

历史今天：挪威独立 Norway becomes independent
1905 - Norway becomes independent from Sweden.
1905年的今天，挪威脱离瑞典独立。
背景资料：
In 1814 Denmark-Norway was defeated in the Napoleonic wars and the king was forced to cede Norway to the king of Sweden in the Treaty of Kiel (January 14). The Norwegian parliament (Stortinget) elected the Swedish king as king of Norway on November 4, 1814. The Swedish crown was represented by a governor-general styled Stattholder, often noble, repeatedly even the Crown Prince (then called Viceroy).The union was peacefully dissolved in 1905 after several years of political unrest when Sweden recognised Norwegian independence. The parliament offered the throne to Prince Carl of Denmark, who accepted it after a referendum confirmed the monarchy and rejected a republican form of government. On November 18 he ascended the throne under the Norwegian name of Haakon VII.
挪威公元9世纪前后形成统一王国。13世纪进入全盛时期。 14世纪中叶开始衰落。1397年与丹麦、瑞典结成卡尔玛联盟，受丹麦统治。1814年，丹麦把挪威割让给瑞典，换取西波美拉尼亚。1905年独立成为君主国，并选丹麦王子为国王，称哈康七世。第一次世界大战中保持中立。二次大战中被法西斯德国占领，吉斯林作为德国傀儡建立独裁政权，哈康国王及他的政府流亡英国。1945年获解放。1957年哈康七世逝世，其子即位，称奥拉夫五世。1949年参加北大西洋公约组织，1959年参加欧洲自由贸易联盟。

历史今天：约以签和平条约 Jordan & Israel sign a peace treaty
1994 - Jordan and Israel sign a peace treaty.
1994年的今天，约旦和以色列签订和平条约。

历史今天：PS2在北美上市 PS2 was released in North America
2000 - The successor to the highly successful PlayStation, the PlayStation 2 was released.
2000年的今天，继畅销（家用电子游戏机）产品PlayStation之后，PlayStation 2上市销售。
背景资料：
The PlayStation 2 (PS2) (Japanese: プレイステーション2) is Sony's second video game console, the successor to the PlayStation and the predecessor to the PlayStation 3 (which is to be released in November 17th, 2006 in Japan and North America, and March 2007 in Europe). Its development was announced in March 1999, and it was first released in Japan on March 4, 2000, in North America on October 26, 2000 and in Europe on November 24, 2000.
PlayStation 2，简称PS2（日文： プレイステーション2）是日本新力电脑娱乐在热销的家用电子游戏机产品PlayStation后推出的又一款游戏主机产品，它的后继者是定于2006年11月17日在日本和北美地区上市、2007年3月在欧洲上市的PlayStation 3。这款产品的开发计划是于1999年3月宣布的，在2000年的3月4日首台产品在日本上市，在2000年的10月26日首次销售于北美，2000年11月24日首次销售于欧洲。

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1027


历史今天：霍诺留斯一世教皇 Pope Honorius I
625 - Honorius I becomes Pope.
625年的今天，霍诺留斯一世成为教皇。
背景资料：
Honorius, according to the Liber Pontificalis, came from Campania and was the son of the consul Petronius. He became pope on October 27, 625, two days after the death of his predecessor, Boniface V. The festival of the Elevation of the Cross is said to have been instituted during the pontificate of Honorius, which was marked also by considerable missionary enterprise. Much of this was centered on England, especially Wessex. He also succeeded in bringing the Irish Easter celebrations in line with the rest of the Catholic Church.
关于霍诺留斯就职的日期有两种说法，一种是11月3日，另一种是10月27日。据说天主教里的耶稣的升架节是他引入的，此外他修建、更新和美化了多个罗马市内的教堂。他在传教工作中也很有成绩，比如在英格兰。此外他还有效地整顿了西西里岛上的教士的纪律。

历史今天：阿姆斯特丹建城日 Founding of the city of Amsterdam
1275 - Traditional founding of the city of Amsterdam.
1275年的今天，阿姆斯特丹传统建城纪念日。

历史今天：费城建城 Philadelphia is founded
1682 - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is founded.
1682年的今天，美国宾夕法尼亚州的费城建城。

历史今天：乌兹别克苏维埃成立 Uzbek SSR is founded
1924 - The Uzbek SSR is founded in the Soviet Union.
1924年的今天，乌兹别克苏维埃社会主义共和国于苏联成立。

历史今天：刚果改名扎伊尔 Congo is renamed Zaire
1971 - Democratic Republic of the Congo is renamed Zaire.
1971年的今天，刚果民主共和国重命名为扎伊尔。
背景资料：
A country of central Africa astride the equator. Inhabited since ancient times, the region came under the control of Leopold II of Belgium in the late 1870's and was annexed outright in 1908. Full independence was achieved in 1960. Kinshasa is the capital and the largest city.
扎伊尔，刚果自由邦：非洲中部一横跨赤道的国家。从远古时代就有人在这定居，19世纪70年代后期受控于比利时的利奥波德二世，1908年被完全吞并。1960年获得了彻底独立。金沙萨是其首都和最大的城市。

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1028


历史今天：哥伦布登陆古巴 Columbus lands in Cuba
1492 - Christopher Columbus lands in Cuba.
1492年的今天，克里斯托弗·哥伦布在古巴登陆。

历史今天：爱迪生申请首个专利 Edison applied for his 1st patent
1868 - Thomas Edison applied for his first patent, the electric vote recorder.
1868年的今天，托马斯·爱迪生申请他的第一个发明专利——电子投票记录器。

历史今天：捷克独立 Czechoslovakia gains its independence
1918 - Czechoslovakia gains its independence from Austria-Hungary.
1918年的今天，捷克斯洛伐克脱离奥匈帝国取得独立。
背景资料：
A former dual monarchy of central Europe consisting of Austria, Hungary, Bohemia, and parts of Poland, Romania, Yugoslavia, and Italy. It was formed in 1867 after agitation by Hungarian nationalists within the Austrian empire and lasted until 1918.
奥匈帝国：原欧洲中部的双重独裁帝国，包括奥地利、匈牙利、波希尼亚、及波兰、罗马尼亚、南斯拉夫及意大利的一部分。经匈牙利民族主义者在奥地利帝国内部煽动后于1867年建立，延续至1918年。

历史今天：滴滴涕发现者获诺贝尔奖 Chemist discovered DDT is awarded the Nobel
1948 - Swiss chemist Paul Müller is awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discovery of the insecticidal properties of DDT.
1948年的今天，瑞士化学家保罗·穆勒因发现滴滴涕的杀虫效用而被授予诺贝尔化学奖。
背景资料：
A colorless contact insecticide, C14H 9Cl 5, toxic to human beings and animals when swallowed or absorbed through the skin. It has been banned in the United States for most uses since 1972.
滴滴涕：一种无色的、经接触传递的杀虫药剂，C14H 9Cl 5，当吞食或被表皮吸收时对人类和动物有毒。自从1972年以来，在美国上已基本被禁用。

历史今天：“金属”乐队成立 Metallica is founded
1981 - The heavy metal band Metallica is founded in San Francisco.
1981年的今天，重金属乐队“金属”在旧金山成立。
背景资料：
Metallica is an American heavy metal band, with 57 million albums sold in the United States alone and 35 million albums sold outside the U.S., the band has sold just over 90 million albums, making them one of the most commercially successful heavy metal acts in history. Metallica is currently 18th on the RIAA's list of top selling acts in the United States.
“金属”乐队是一支美国重金属乐队，单在美国本土便拥有五千七百万张专辑的销量，而在美国之外则拥有着三千五百万张专辑的销量，乐队的总专辑销量刚好过九千万张，从而使得他们成为商业上最为成功的重金属乐队之一。“金属”乐队现时位于美国唱片行业协会（RIAA）美国本土最畅销音乐排行的第18位。

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历史上的今天和昨天呢 ？MM

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1029


历史今天：查理七世世袭王位 Charles VII becomes king
1422 - Charles VII of France becomes king in succession to his father Charles VI of France.
1422年的今天，法兰西查理七世从其父查理六世那里世袭了王位。

历史今天：《唐璜》首演 Don Giovanni receives its 1st performance
1787 - Mozart's opera Don Giovanni receives its first performance in Prague.
1787年的今天，莫扎特的歌剧《唐璜》在葡萄牙首演。

历史今天：土耳其走向共和 Turkey becomes a republic
1923 - Turkey becomes a republic following the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire.
1923年的今天，土耳其在奥斯曼帝国解体后随即成为共和国。

历史今天：互联网前身出台 ARPANET is established
1969 - The first-ever computer-to-computer link is established on ARPANET, the precursor to the Internet.
1969年的今天，首次计算机对计算机的联接通过当今互联网的前身——ARPANET建立。

历史今天：半岛电视台播放拉登录像 Al Jazeera braocasts Laden's excerpt
2004 - The Arabic news network Al Jazeera broadcasts an excerpt from a video of Osama bin Laden in which the terrorist leader first admits direct responsibility for the September 11, 2001 attacks and references the 2004 U.S. presidential election.
2004年的今天，阿拉伯新闻台半岛电视台播放了奥萨玛·本·拉登的一段节选录像，在录像中这位恐怖主义的首领首次承认了与2001年的911袭击负有直接责任，并提及了2004年的美国总统选举。

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1030


历史今天：第二次普丹战争结束 2nd war of Schleswig ends
1864 - Second war of Schleswig ends: Duke Frederick and the Danish Crown recognize Prussia's and Austria's annexation of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg.
1864年的今天，第二次什勒苏益格战争（或译普丹战争）结束：弗雷德里克公爵和丹麦皇室承认了普鲁士和奥地利对于什勒苏益格、荷尔斯泰因和鲁恩伯格的所有地位。
背景资料：
The Second War of Schleswig (or the Danish-Prussian War), known in Denmark as The War of 1864 (Krigen i 1864) and in Germany as The German-Danish War (Deutsch-D?nischer Krieg) was the second military conflict due to the Schleswig-Holstein Question. Prompted by a confrontation with the German Confederation, it took place in 1864 between Prussia and Austria against Denmark, which had long controlled the two duchies. Like the First War of Schleswig, the second was fought for control of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein because of succession disputes when the Danish king died without an heir acceptable in the German Confederation. Additional controversy arose due to the passing of a joint Danish/Schleswig constitution. The war ended in a victory for the German forces, and in Denmark's ceding control of both duchies.
第二次什勒苏益格战争 (或普丹战争)在丹麦称为1864年战争 (Krigen i 1864) ，在德国称为德丹战争 (Deutsch-D?nischer Krieg) 是石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因问题引起的第二场军事冲突。冲突在1864年发生，奥地利和普鲁士代表德意志邦联，与长久控制该两个公国的丹麦战斗。跟第一次冲突一样，双方都希望控制石勒苏益格和荷尔斯泰因公国。冲突的导火线，是丹麦国王去世，但没有德意志邦联接受的继承人，造成两地的传承问题。结果，德意志军队胜利，丹麦放弃对两地的主权。

历史今天：俄国首部宪法 1st constitution of Russia's
1905 - Tsar Nicholas II of Russia grants Russia's first constitution, creating a legislative assembly.
1905年的今天，俄国沙皇尼古拉斯二世批准了俄国的首部宪法，创建了立法大会。

历史今天：澳大利亚共产党建党 Communist Party of Australia is founded
1920 - The Communist Party of Australia founded in Sydney.
1920年的今天，澳大利亚共产党在悉尼成立。
背景资料：
The Communist Party of Australia was founded in 1920 and dissolved in 1991. It achieved its greatest political strength in the 1940s and faced an attempted banning in 1951. Though it never presented a major challenge to the established order in Australia, it did have significant influence on the trade unions, social movements, and the national culture.
澳大利亚共产党成立于1920年，解散于1991年。它在1940年代达到政治上的鼎盛时期，在1951年面临了一次取缔危机。虽然它从未对澳大利亚的已有秩序形成过任何主要的挑战，但是此党对于工会、社会运动和民族文化有着深远的影响。

历史今天：租借法案 Lend-Lease
1941 - World War II: Franklin Delano Roosevelt approves US$1 billion in Lend-Lease aid to the Allied nations.
1941年的今天，在二战中，富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福批准了价值10亿美元的、旨在为盟国提供援助的《租借法案》。
背景资料：
Lend-Lease was the major United States program 1941-1945 which enabled the United States to supply Britain, the Soviet Union, China and other Allied nations with vast amounts of war material (matériel). The supplies were given away with no repayment, so the U.S. would avoid the mistake it made after World War I of demanding later repayment. It began in March 1941, nine months before Pearl Harbor. It ended soon after V-J Day, on 2 September 1945.
租借法案(Lend-Lease Program)是美国国会在第二次世界大战初期的1941年-1945年通过的一项法案，目的是在美国不卷入战争的同时，为盟国（英国、苏联、中国和其他盟国）提供大量的战争物资。这些供应不要求偿还，因而美国可以避免一战后曾犯下的要求过后偿还的错误。法案生效于1941年的3月，在“珍珠港事件”发生9个月前。在1945年9月2日“对日战争胜利日”这天后结束。

历史今天：乔丹归来 Michael Jordan returns
2001 - Michael Jordan returns to the National Basketball Association with the Washington Wizards after 3? years (the Wizards lose 93-91 to the New York Knicks).
2001年的今天，迈克尔·乔丹在阔别职业篮球3年半之后加入华盛顿奇才队，重返美国国家篮球协会（奇才以91比93不敌纽约尼克斯队。

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1031


历史今天：毛利战争战火重燃 Maori Wars resumed
1863 - The Maori Wars resumed as British forces in New Zealand led by General Duncan Cameron began their Invasion of the Waikato.
1863年的今天，新西兰的毛利战争（又称新西兰战争）在将军邓肯·卡麦隆的指挥下开始了“入侵怀卡托”之役，从而令战争重新打响。
背景资料：
The term New Zealand Wars, once called the Māori Wars, or sometimes The Land Wars, refers to a series of conflicts that took place in New Zealand between 1845 and 1872. The wars were fought over a number of issues, most prominently Māori land being sold to the settler (white) population.
“新西兰战争”一度也称之为“毛利战争”，或有时也被叫作“土地战争”，是指自1845至1872年间在新西兰发生的一系列冲突。战争因一些问题而起，最主要的是因毛利人的土地被卖给了殖民（白人）人群。

历史今天：美国第三十六州 the 36th U.S. state
1864 - Nevada is admitted as the 36th U.S. state.
1864年的今天，内华达州被承认为美国的第三十六个州。

历史今天：多米尼加签版权条约 Dominican signs copyright treaty
1912 - Dominican Republic becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires copyright treaty.
1912年的今天，多米尼加共和国成为布宜诺斯艾利斯版权条约的签约国。

历史今天：“不列颠空战”结束 Battle of Britain ends
1940 - World War II: Battle of Britain ends - The United Kingdom prevents Germany from invading Great Britain.
1940年的今天，二战中“不列颠空战”结束，英国阻止了德国的对大不列颠的入侵。
背景资料：
One of the major campaigns of the early part of World War II, the Battle of Britain is the name commonly given to the attempt by the German Luftwaffe to gain air superiority over the Royal Air Force (RAF), before a planned sea and airborne invasion of Britain (Operation Sealion). Neither Hitler nor the German Wehrmacht believed it possible to carry out a successful amphibious assault on the British Isles until the Royal Air Force had been neutralised. Secondary objectives were to destroy aircraft production and ground infrastructure, as well as terrorising the British people with the intent of intimidating them into seeking an armistice or surrender and attacking areas of political interest.
不列颠空战是第二次世界大战期间（1940年-1941年）纳粹德国对英国发动的大规模空战。战争在1941年10月12日以德国的失败告终。而这次战争亦是第二次世界大战中规模最大的空战。
历史今天：苏伊士运河危机 Suez Crisis
1956 - Suez Crisis: The United Kingdom and France begin bombing Egypt to force the reopening of the Suez Canal.
1956年的今天，苏伊士运河危机：英国和法国为强迫苏伊士运河重新开放而开始轰炸埃及。
背景资料：
The Suez Crisis was a war fought on Egyptian territory in 1956. The conflict pitted Egypt against Israel, the United Kingdom, and France. The United States also played a crucial non-military role.
苏伊士运河危机（Suez Crisis）也被称为苏伊士运河战争、第二次中东战争、西奈战役或卡代什行动，是一次于1956年发生在埃及的国际武装冲突，当时埃及与英国、法国和以色列的军队爆发战争。英、法、以三国的结盟是一种利益的接合：英法两国对苏伊士运河有着贸易利益，而以色列则需要打开运河，以让以色列船只得以通航。到战争结束后，只有以色列获得了巨大的获利。

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1101

历史今天：西斯廷穹顶画公展 Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel is exhibited
1512 - The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, paint1512 - The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, painted by Michelangelo, is exhibited to the public for the first time.
1512年的今天，西斯廷教堂1512年穹顶画：由米开朗基罗所绘的西斯廷穹顶画向公众首次展示。
背景资料：
The Sistine Chapel (Italian: Cappella Sistina) is a chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the Roman Catholic Pope in the Vatican City. Its fame rests on its architecture, which evokes the Temple of the Old Testament; its decoration, frescoed thoroughout by the greatest Renaissance artists, including Michelangelo, whose ceiling is legendary; and its purpose, as a site of papal religious and functionary activity, notably the conclave, at which a new Pope is selected.
西斯廷教堂（Cappella Sistina）又称“西斯廷礼拜堂”近邻圣彼得大教堂，以米开朗基罗所绘《创世纪》穹顶画，及壁画《最后的审判》而闻名。也是教皇的选出仪式的举行处。

历史今天：韩海军打败日军 Korean navy defeats Japanese army
1592 - At the Battle of Busan, the outnumbered Korean navy defeats a larger Japanese army.
1592年的今天，在釜山战役中，人数处于劣势的韩国海军打败了人数占优的日本军。

历史今天：《奥赛罗》首演 Othello is presented for the 1st time
1604 - William Shakespeare's tragedy Othello is presented for the first time, at Whitehall Palace in London.
1604年的今天，威廉·莎士比亚的悲剧《奥赛罗》首演，地点位于英国伦敦的怀特霍尔宫（或译白厅宫）。

历史今天：《暴风雨》首演 Tempest is presented for the 1st time
1611 - William Shakespeare's romantic comedy The Tempest is presented for the first time, at Whitehall Palace in London.
1611年的今天，威廉·莎士比亚的浪漫喜剧《暴风雨》在英国伦敦的怀特霍尔厅首演。

历史今天：首只人工授精兔 1st rabbit born after insemination
1939 - The first rabbit born after artificial insemination is exhibited to the world.
1939年的今天，首只人工授精出生的兔子对世界展览。

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1102


历史今天：多纳斯教皇 Pope Donus
676 - Donus became Pope.
676年的今天，多纳斯成为教皇。

历史今天：新西兰采纳标准时间 NZ adopts a standard time
1868 - Time zone: New Zealand officially adopts a standard time to be observed nationally.
1868年的今天，零时区：新西兰正式在全国采纳标准时间。

历史今天：美国第三十九和四十州 39th and 40th U.S. states
1889 - North and South Dakota are admitted as the 39th and 40th U.S. states.
1889年的今天，北达科他、南达科他分别被承认为美国的第三十九和第四十个州。

历史今天：俄向奥斯曼宣战 Russia declares war on the Ottoman
1914 - Russia declares war on the Ottoman Empire.
1914年的今天，俄国向奥斯曼帝国宣战。

历史今天：加拿大广播公司成立 Canadian Broadcasting Corp.
1936 - The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation is established.
1936年的今天，加拿大广播公司成立。

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1103


历史今天：雪佛莱上市 Chevrolet officially enters the market
1911 - Chevrolet officially enters the automobile market in competition with the Ford Model T.
1911年的今天,雪佛莱正式进入汽车市场，与福特汽车的T型车展开竞争。

历史今天：美国引入所得税 U.S. introduces an income tax
1913 - The USA introduces an income tax.
1913年的今天，美国引入所得税。

历史今天：波兰宣布独立 Poland declares its independence
1918 - Poland declares its independence from Russia.
1918的今天，波兰宣布脱离俄国独立。

历史今天：多米尼加独立 Dominica gains its independence
1978 - Dominica gains its independence from the United Kingdom.
1978年的今天，多米尼克脱离英国取得独立。
背景资料：
Dominica (The Commonwealth of Dominica) is an island nation in the Caribbean Sea. It should not be confused with the Dominican Republic.
多米尼克国（The Commonwealth of Dominica）：是位于美洲加勒比海的小国。注意不要与另外一个加勒比海的国家“多米尼加共和国”混淆。

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1104



历史今天：《自然》期刊首版 1st issue of the journal Nature
1869 - The first issue of the scientific journal Nature is published.
1869年的今天，科学类期刊《自然》首期出版发行。

历史今天：奥匈帝国投降 Austria-Hungary surrenders
1918 - World War I: Austria-Hungary surrenders to Italy.
1918年的今天，一战中奥匈帝国向意大利投降。

历史今天：艾略特获诺贝尔文学奖 T.S. Eliot wins the Nobel
1948 - T. S. Eliot wins the Nobel Prize in Literature.
1948年的今天，托马斯·斯特恩斯·艾略特赢得诺贝尔文学奖。
背景资料：
Thomas Stearns Eliot, OM (September 26, 1888 – January 4, 1965) was an American (naturalised British) poet, dramatist and literary critic, whose works, such as The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, The Waste Land, "The Hollow Men", and Four Quartets, are considered defining achievements of twentieth century Modernist poetry. In 1948, he won the Nobel Prize for Literature. He was one of the most influential poets of the 20th century.
托马斯·斯特恩斯·艾略特（Thomas Stearns Eliot，1888年9月26日—1965年1月4日），一位美國/英國诗人、评论家、剧作家，其作品对二十世纪乃至今日的文学史上影响极为深远。1948年，60岁的艾略特迎来了他一生中最大的荣誉——诺贝尔文学奖。

历史今天：玻利维亚签版权条约 Bolivia signs the copyright treaty
1993 - Bolivia becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
1993年的今天，玻利维亚成为布宜诺斯艾利斯版权条约的成员国。

历史今天：拉宾被刺杀 Rabin is assassinated
1995 - Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Rabin assassinated by an extreme right-wing Israeli.
1995年的今天，以色列总理伊扎克·拉宾被一名极端右翼分子刺杀。
背景资料：
Yitzhak Rabin (March 1, 1922 – November 4, 1995) was an Israeli politician and general. He was the fifth Prime Minister of Israel from 1974 until 1977 and again from 1992 until his assassination in 1995 by Yigal Amir, a right-wing activist who had strenuously opposed Rabin's signing of the Oslo Accords. He was the first local-born Prime Minister of Israel, the only Prime Minister to be assassinated and the second to die in office (following Levi Eshkol).
伊扎克·拉宾(Yitzhak Rabin，1922年3月1日－1995年11月4日)，以色列政治家、军事家。1974年至1977年出任以色列总理；1992年起再次出任总理，直至1995年被刺身亡。他是首位出生于以色列本土的总理，首位被刺杀和第二位在任期间辞世的总理。以色列首位任内离世的总理是列维·埃什科。

历史今天：最强太阳耀斑 Most powerful solar flare
2003 - The most powerful solar flare as observed by satellite instrumentation is recorded.
2003年的今天，由卫星仪器观测到的最强的一次太阳耀斑被记录。