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1121


历史今天：教皇安特鲁斯 Pope Anterus
235 - Anterus is elected Pope.
235年的今天，安特鲁斯当选教皇。

历史今天：爱德华即位英格兰国王 Prince Edward becomes King of England
1272 - Following Henry III of England's death on November 16, his son Prince Edward becomes King of England.
1272年的今天，在英格兰亨利三世于11月16日去世后，他的儿子爱德华王子成为英格兰的国王。

历史今天：爱迪生发明留声机 Edison announces his invention of the phonograph
1877 - Thomas Edison announces his invention of the phonograph, a machine that can record sound.
1877年的今天，托马斯·爱迪生宣布发明了留声机，一种能记录声音的机器。

历史今天：埃拉·菲茨杰拉德的首演 Ella Fitzgerald's debut
1934 - Ella Fitzgerald makes her singing debut at age 16 at the Apollo Theater in Harlem, New York.
1934年的今天，埃拉·菲茨杰拉德在她16岁的年纪时进行了她的歌唱首演，地点是纽约哈莱姆的阿波罗剧院。

历史今天：首个ARPANET 1st ARPANET
1969 - The first ARPANET link is established.
1969年的今天，首个ARPANET链接建立。
背景资料：
The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) developed by ARPA of the United States Department of Defense was the world's first operational packet switching network, and the progenitor of the global Internet.
ARPA网（ARPANET，The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network）是由美国国防部的ARPA开发的世界上第一个运营的包交换网络，它是全球互联网的始祖

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1122


历史今天：加拿大曲棍球协会解散 Canada NHA breaks up
1917 - In Montreal, Canada, the National Hockey Association breaks up (on November 26 it was replaced with the National Hockey League).
1917年的今天，加拿大国家曲棍球协会在蒙特利尔解散（于11月26日被国家曲棍球联盟所替代）。

历史今天：开罗会议 Cairo Conference
1943 - World War II: War in the Pacific - U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Chinese leader Chiang Kai-Shek meet in Cairo, Egypt, to discuss ways to defeat Japan (Cairo Conference) .
1943年的今天，二战太平洋战争中，美国总统弗兰克林·D·罗斯福、英国首相温斯顿·丘吉尔和当时的中国领导人蒋介石在埃及的开罗会晤，讨论如何抵抗日本（即开罗会议）。

历史今天：黎巴嫩独立 Lebanon gains independence
1943 - Lebanese Independence Day. Lebanon gains independence from France.
1943年的今天，黎巴嫩脱离法国赢得独立，此日被纪念为“黎巴嫩独立日”。

历史今天：肯尼迪遇刺 John F. Kennedy assassination
1963 - John F. Kennedy assassination: In Dallas, Texas, US President John F. Kennedy is assassinated and Texas Governor John B. Connally is seriously wounded. Later the same day, US Vice-President Lyndon B. Johnson is sworn in as the 36th President of the United States.
1963年的今天，约翰·菲茨杰拉德·肯尼迪遇刺：在得克萨斯州的达拉斯，当时的美国总统约翰·菲茨杰拉德·肯尼迪遇刺身亡，得克萨斯州州长约翰·B·康纳利受重伤。当天的晚些时候，美国副总统林顿·B·约翰逊宣誓就任为美国的第36任总统。
背景资料：
The assassination of John F. Kennedy, the thirty-fifth President of the United States, took place on Friday, November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas, USA at 12:30 p.m. CST (18:30 UTC). Kennedy was fatally wounded by gunshots while riding with his wife in a presidential motorcade through Dealey Plaza. He was the fourth U.S. President to be assassinated and the eighth to die while in office.
An official investigation by the Warren Commission was conducted over a 10-month period, and its report was published in September 1964. The Commission concluded that the assassination was carried out solely by Lee Harvey Oswald, an employee of the Texas School Book Depository in Dealey Plaza. This conclusion initially met with widespread support among the American public, but polling in recent years shows a majority of that public now hold beliefs contrary to the Commission's findings. [1] A later official investigation by the House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) was conducted from 1976 to 1979, and it concluded that Kennedy was assassinated by Oswald "probably... as a result of a conspiracy". The assassination is still the subject of widespread speculation, and has spawned a number of Kennedy assassination theories.
肯尼迪遇刺是指美国第三十五任总统约翰·肯尼迪肯尼迪遇刺是指美国第三十五任总统约翰·菲茨杰拉德·肯尼迪于1963年11月22日星期五下午12:30，在夫人杰基·肯尼迪（Jackie Kennedy）和德克萨斯州州长约翰·康纳利（John Connally）陪同下，乘坐敞蓬轿车驶过德克萨斯州达拉斯市的迪利广场（Dealey Plaza）时，遭到枪击身亡。约翰·肯尼迪是美国历史上第四位遇刺身亡的总统，也是第八位在任期内去世的总统。负责总统遇刺案调查工作的沃伦委员会（the Warren Commission）在经过了长达10个月的调查之后，于1964年9月发表了一份官方报告，在此份报告中指出，刺杀肯尼迪的凶手是德克萨斯州教科书仓库大楼的雇员李·哈维·奥斯瓦尔德（Lee Harvey Oswald），正是他从教科书大楼六层上的窗口向乘坐敞篷车正从楼下经过的总统开枪将其刺杀的。一个后来成立的官方调查委员会——众议院遇刺案特派委员会（the House Select Committee on Assassinations ，HSCA）从1976年到1979年再次对总统遇刺案进行了详细的调查取证，并得出结论认为，奥斯瓦尔德刺杀肯尼迪绝不是个人行为。迄今为止，肯尼迪遇刺案仍然存在着很多置疑，引起了人们的广泛猜测，并且产生了许多关于肯尼迪遇刺案的理论。

历史今天：甲壳虫发行“白色专辑”Beatles release The White Album
1968 - The Beatles release the double album The Beatles, commonly known as The White Album.
1968年的今天，甲壳虫（或译披头士）乐队发行了他们的双张同名专辑《甲壳虫（或译披头士）》，一般被人所知为“白色专辑”（因为专辑封面颜色为白色的缘故）。
背景资料：
The Beatles is the ninth official album by The Beatles, a double album released in 1968. It is often referred to as The White Album, as it has no other text than the band's name on its plain white sleeve, designed by pop artist Richard Hamilton. The album was released near to the height of The Beatles' popularity, and is often hailed as one of the major accomplishments in popular music. It was originally planned to be called A Doll's House.
《甲壳虫》专辑是甲壳虫乐队的第九张正式专辑，这张双张专辑发行于1968年。专辑后来常被引用为“白色专辑”，因为在由波普艺术家理查德·汉密尔顿为其设计的白色封页上除了乐队的名字再无他物的原因。这张专辑的发行使甲壳虫乐队近乎达到走红的顶点，并且其也广受赞誉为流行音乐的重大作品之一。专辑原先本计划以《一座洋娃娃屋》来命名。

历史今天：“铁娘子”辞职 "Iron Lady" resigns
1990 - Margaret Thatcher resigns as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
1990年的今天，时任的英国首相玛格丽特·撒切尔辞职。
背景资料：
Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, LG, OM, PC, FRS (born 13 October 1925) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990.Thatcher was the longest-serving British Prime Minister since William Gladstone, and had the longest continuous period in office since Lord Liverpool in the early nineteenth century. She is also the only woman to have served as Prime Minister, one of only two to lead a major political party in the UK or to hold any of the four great offices of state (the second in both cases being Margaret Beckett). Undoubtedly one of the most significant British politicians in recent political history, she is also one of the most divisive, being loved and loathed in on different sides of the political spectrum.
She made a scathing attack on the Soviet Union. The Soviet Defence Ministry newspaper Krasnaya Zvezda ("Red Star") gave her the nickname "Iron Lady", which was soon publicised by Radio Moscow. She took delight in the name and it soon became associated with her image as an unwavering and steadfast character.
玛格利特·希尔达·撒切尔，撒切尔女男爵，LG，OM，PC，FRS（Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher，1925年10月13日─）中文官方译名、中国香港译戴卓尔夫人，中国大陆通称玛格利特·撒切尔，中国台湾通称玛格利特·柴契尔或柴契爾夫人。英国政治家，于1979年至1990年出任英国首相。
早在她担任首相已前，由于她反对苏联的言论禁锢政策而严厉地公开斥责苏联把“枪口放在奶酪前”的做法，而被苏联媒体戏称为“铁娘子”（Iron Lady），这个别名至今仍常常被引用。

历史今天：英格兰获首个橄榄球世界杯冠军 England's 1st Rugby World Cup
2003 - England defeat Australia to win England's first Rugby World Cup.
2003年的今天，英格兰击败了澳大利亚队，从而为英格兰赢得了首个英式橄榄球世界杯的冠军。
The Rugby World Cup is the premier international rugby union competition in the world. The event is organized by the sport's governing body, the International Rugby Board (IRB), and is contested by the men's national rugby union teams. The inaugural tournament was held in 1987, hosted by both Australia and New Zealand, and is now contested every four years.
英式橄榄球世界杯是世界上最重大的国际间英式橄榄球联盟的比赛。这项赛事由此项运动的管理者——国际英式橄榄球管理委员会组织，同时也与男子的国家英式橄榄球联盟队比赛。揭幕战举办于1987年，当时是由澳大利亚与新西兰共同主办的，现在此项赛事每四年举行一次。

历史今天：德国首位女性大臣 First female Chancellor of Germany
2005 - Angela Merkel becomes the first female Chancellor of Germany.
2005年的今天，安格拉·多罗特娅·默克尔成为德国内阁的首位女性大臣。

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1499 - Pretender to the throne Perkin Warbeck is hanged for reportedly attempting to escape from the Tower of London. He had invaded England in 1497, claiming to be the lost son of King Edward IV of England.
1499年，觊觎英格兰王位的波金·沃贝克因被报告试图从伦敦塔楼逃走而被执行绞刑。他于1497年入侵英格兰，并声称自己是爱德华四世国王走失的儿子。

1644 - Areopagitica by John Milton is published.
1644年，约翰·米尔顿所著的《论出版自由》一书发行。

1863 - American Civil War: Battle of Chattanooga begins - Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant reinforce troops at Chattanooga, Tennessee and counter-attack Confederate troops.
1863,美国内战时：查塔努加战役开始了－－在尤利塞斯 S·格兰特的帅领下的联军增援在查塔加和田纳西的军团，并向盟军发起反攻。

1869 - In Dumbarton, Scotland, the clipper Cutty Sark is launched - one of the last clippers ever to be built, and the only one still surviving to this day.
1869年，在苏格兰的敦巴顿，快速帆船Cutty Sark号下海－－这是一艘世界上最后一批造出的快速帆船，且为仅存的仍在服役的一支快速帆船。

1890 - King William III of the Netherlands dies without a male heir and a special law is passed to allow his daughter Princess Wilhelmina to become Queen.
1890年，荷兰的威廉三世国王死后无男性继承人，一项特殊的法案被批准以允许他的女儿威廉敏娜公主成为女王。

1903 - Colorado Governor James Peabody sends the state militia into the town of Cripple Creek to break up a miners' strike.
1903年，科罗拉多州州长詹姆士·皮博笛派出民兵到克瑞泊·克利克驱散那里的矿工罢工。

1934 - An Anglo-Ethiopian boundary commission in the Ogaden discovers an Italian garrison at Walwal, which lay well within Ethiopian territory. This leads to the Abyssinia Crisis.
1934年，安哥拉－埃塞俄比亚边界位于欧加登（埃塞俄比亚）的一个巡逻队在沃沃（地名）发现了意大利驻军，而此处本属于埃的领土。此事件导致后来的阿比西尼亚危机。

1936 - The first edition of Life is published.
1936年，第一期生活杂志出版（美）。

1943 - The Deutsche Opernhaus on Bismarckstra?e in the Berlin neighborhood of Charlottenburg is destroyed. It will eventually be rebuilt in 1961 and be called the Deutsche Oper Berlin.
1943年，德意志大歌剧院被毁。后于1961年重建，并重命名为德意志柏林歌剧院。

1954 - For the first time, the Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above the peak it reached just before the 1929 crash.
1954年，道琼斯工业股票在达到1929年崩溃的最高点之前史上第一次关闭。

1955 - The Cocos Islands are transferred from the control of the United Kingdom to Australia.
1955年，可可岛从英国人手中移交给澳大利亚人掌管。

1963 - The first episode of the science fiction television series Doctor Who debuts on the BBC.
1963年，科幻小说电视系列剧“谁人教授”的首部曲在BBC电台首映。

1971 - The People's Republic of China is given Taiwan's seat on the United Nations Security Council.
1971年，中华人民共和国被给予先前由台湾占有的联合国安全理事会席。

1979 - In Dublin, Ireland, Irish Republican Army member Thomas McMahon is sentenced to life in prison for the assassination of Lord Mountbatten.
1979年在爱尔兰的都柏林，暗杀蒙巴顿君王的爱尔兰共和国军成员托马斯·麦克马洪被宣判无期徒刑。

1980 - A series of earthquakes in southern Italy kills approximately 4,800 people.
1980年，在南意大利发生的一连串地震造成近4800人丧生。

1981 - Iran-Contra scandal: Ronald Reagan signs the top secret National Security Decision Directive 17 (NSDD-17), giving the Central Intelligence Agency the authority to recruit and support Contra rebels in Nicaragua.
1981年，反伊朗丑闻：罗纳德·里根签署了最高机密级的17号国家安全决议指示（NSDD-17），给予中央情报局征募和支持尼加拉瓜的反对派武装的权利。

1985 - Gunmen hijack EgyptAir Flight 648 while en route from Athens to Cairo. When the plane lands in Malta, Egyptian commandos storm the hijacked jetliner, but 60 people die in the raid.
1985年，持枪的歹徒劫持了从雅典飞住开罗的埃及航空的648号飞机。当飞机降落在马尔他后，埃及的突击队员向被劫持的飞机发起猛烈的攻击，而60人在这次袭击中丧生。

1990 - Punk rock band Bad Religion release their seventh album, Against the Grain in the United States
1990年，朋克摇滚乐队“坏信仰”在美国发行了他们的第七张辑，《反对粮食》。

1991 - Queen frontman Freddie Mercury publicly announces that he has AIDS. He dies the next day.
1991年，前皇后乐队的领军人弗雷迪·麦考利公布他染上了艾滋病。他于随后一天去世。

1993 - Rachel Whiteread wins both the ￡20,000 Turner Prize award for best British modern artist and the ￡40,000 K Foundation art award for the worst artist of the year.
1993年，雷切尔·怀特瑞德同时获得了价值2万英镑的特纳奖最佳英国当代艺人奖，和4万英镑的K基金艺术奖的年度最差艺人奖。

1996 - Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961 is hijacked, then crashes after running out of fuel off the coast of Comoros into the Indian Ocean, killing 127.
1996年，埃塞俄比亚航空公司的961号飞机被劫持，随后在燃料耗尽后冲入了科摩罗海岸的印第安海，造成127人丧生。

1996 - The Republic of Angola officially joins the World Trade Organization, as Angola.
1996年，安哥拉共和国以安哥拉的名义正式加入了世界贸易组织。

2003 - Beleaguered Georgian president Eduard Shevardnadze resigns following weeks of mass protests over flawed elections.
2003，在因选举作弊而引发的持续数周的群众抗议后，被围攻的乔治亚州州长艾多尔德·施瓦德纳忒兹辞职。

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• 1124
• 380 - Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal entry, into Constantinople.
  380年，西奥多修斯一世降临，或说正式地进入君士坦丁堡。
• 642 - Theodore succeeds John IV as Pope.
  642年，西奥多（一世）继约翰四世后成为罗马大教皇。
• 1642 - Abel Tasman becomes the first European to discover the island Van Diemen's Land (later renamed Tasmania).
  1642年，阿贝尔·塔斯曼成为发现范·达尔曼岛（后重命名为塔斯马尼亚）的第一个欧洲人。
• 1859 - British naturalist Charles Darwin publishes The Origin of Species, a book which argues that organisms gradually evolve through natural selection (it immediately sold out its initial print run).
  1859年，英国自然学家查尔斯·达尔文的《物种起源》正式出版，此书讨论生物体通过自然的选择逐渐进化（第一版很快脱销）。
• 1863 - American Civil War: Battle of Lookout Mountain - Near Chattanooga, Tennessee, Union forces under General Ulysses S. Grant capture Lookout Mountain and begin to break the Confederate siege of the city led by General Braxton Bragg.
  1863年，美国内战：守望山之战——在田纳西州的查塔努加附近，联军在尤利西斯 S·格兰特将军的率领下占领了守望山，并开始突破盟军大将布莱斯顿·布拉格的包围。
• 1922 - Popular author and Irish Republican Army member Robert Erskine Childers is executed by an Irish Free State firing squad for illegally carrying a revolver.
  1922年，著名作家同时也是爱尔兰共和军成员的罗伯特·厄尔斯金·丘德尔斯，被爱尔兰自由政府的行刑队执行了枪决，罪名是非法携带一支左轮手枪。
• 1932 - In Washington, DC, the FBI Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory (better known as the FBI Crime Lab) officially opens.
  1932年在哥伦比亚区的华盛顿市，联邦调查局科学犯罪侦查研究室（更为知名的是被叫作联邦调查局犯罪研究）正式成立。
• 1935 - The Senegalese Socialist Party holds its second congress.
  1935年，塞内加尔社会党举行第二次代表大会。
• 1941 - World War II: The United States grants Lend-Lease to the Free French.
  1941年，二战期间：美国通过解放法国的租界法案。
• 1944 - World War II: Bombing of Tokyo - The first bombing raid against the Japanese capital of Tokyo from the east and by land was made by 88 American aircraft.
  1944年，二战期间：轰炸东京——88架美国飞机从东部和内陆对日本首都东京进行了第一次突然袭击。
• 1947 - Red Scare: After refusing to co-operate with the House Un-American Activities Committee concerning allegations of Communist influence in the movie industry, the United States House of Representatives votes 346 to 17 to approve citations of contempt of Congress against the so-called Hollywood 10.
  1947年，红色恐怖：美国电影行业中被怀疑受共产主义思想影响的10个人在拒绝和国会的反美行动委员会合作后，美国众议院以346票赞成对17票反对，通过了所谓“好莱坞10人”蔑视国会的指控。
• 1947 - Robert Schuman becomes Prime Minister of France.
  1947年，罗伯特·舒曼成为法兰西总理。（舒曼，罗伯特：1886-1963，法国政治家，1947-1948年任总理，为欧洲国家的经济和军事统一起到了促进作用）
• 1951 - The Broadway play Gigi opens starring little known actress Audrey Hepburn playing the lead character (the play ran for six months and led to Hepburn's film debut in Roman Holiday).
  1951年，百老汇剧Gigi开演，领衔出演的是当时还不为人所知的女演员奥黛丽·赫本（这出戏连演了6个月并使赫本获得在首部电影罗马假日中出演的机会）
• 1962 - The West Berlin branch of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany forms a separate party, the Socialist Unity Party of West Berlin.
  1962年，位于西柏林的德国共产主义团结党的分部成立了一个独立的政党，叫西柏林共产主义团结党。
• 1963 - John F. Kennedy assassination: Alleged assassin Lee Harvey Oswald is mortally shot by Jack Ruby in Dallas, Texas on live national television.
  1963年，约翰 F·肯尼迪遇刺案：怀疑实施暗杀的嫌犯利·哈维·奥斯瓦尔德在德州的达拉斯现场电视转播时，被杰克·鲁比的子弹射杀身亡。
• 1963 - Vietnam War: Newly sworn in US President Lyndon B. Johnson confirms that the United States intends to continue supporting South Vietnam militarily and economically.
  1963年，越南战争：刚刚宣誓就位的美国总统林德 B·约翰逊证实美国计划继续对南越提供武力和经济上的支持。
• 1969 - Apollo program: The Apollo 12 spacecraft splashes down safely in the Pacific Ocean, ending the second manned mission to the Moon.
  1969年，阿波罗计划：阿波罗12号太空飞船在太平洋上安全落水，完成了第二次有人驾驶的登月任务。
• 1971 - During a severe thunderstorm over Washington state, a man calling himself Dan Cooper (commonly remembered as D. B. Cooper) parachutes from the Northwest Orient Airlines plane he hijacked with US$200,000 in ransom money (he was never heard from again).
  1971年，在席卷华盛顿州的一次强雷暴中，一个自称叫丹·库柏的男人（通常被记作D.B.库柏）从被他劫持并要求20万美元赎金的西北东方航空的飞机上乘降落伞降落（从此杳无音讯）。
• 1976 - The Band gives its last public performance; Martin Scorsese is on hand to film it (see: The Last Waltz).
  1976年，乐队“乐队”进行了最后一次公开的演出；导演马丁·西科西斯将此次演出拍成了电影（叫“最后的华尔兹”） 。
• 1992 - In the People's Republic of China, a China Southern Airlines domestic flight crashes, killing all 141 people on-board.
  1992年，中华人民共和国南方航空公司的一架国内航班的飞机坠毁，造成141名机上人员全部遇难。
• 1993 - In the United Kingdom, 11-year olds Robert Thompson and Jon Venables are convicted of the child murder of 2-year-old James Bulger of Liverpool (they were sentenced to indefinite detention).
  1993年，英国11岁的罗伯特·汤普森和乔·维纳伯斯被判杀害利物浦的2岁的詹姆斯·伯格尔的谋杀罪名成立。
• 1996 - Crowded House play their final concert in front of an estimated crowd of 250,000 in front of the Sydney Opera House.
  1996年，“拥挤的房子”（纽西兰著名乐队）在悉尼歌剧院前为估计25万的观众表演了他们的最后一场音乐会。
• 1998 - America Online announces it will acquire Netscape Communications in a stock-for-stock transaction worth US$4.2 billion.
  1998年，美国在线宣布将通过市值42亿美元的股权交换收购网景公司。

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• 1125
• 1034 - Malcolm II of Scotland dies. Duncan, the son of his second daughter, instead of Macbeth, the son of his eldest daughter, inherits the throne.
  1034年，苏格兰马尔科姆二世国王逝世。他二女儿的儿子邓肯取代了长女的儿子麦克白，继承了王位。

• 1120 - Wreck of the White Ship in the English Channel, drowning William Adelin, son of Henry I of England.
  1120年，白色号船在英格兰海峡失事，溺死了英格兰亨利二世国王的儿子，威廉·阿德林。

• 1491 - The siege of Granada, last Moorish stronghold in Spain, begins.
  1491年，对西班牙最后一个摩尔人的要塞格兰纳达城（格拉纳达为西班牙南部一座城市，位于科尔多瓦东南，由摩尔人于8世纪创建，在1238年成为一个独立王国的中心。该城于1492年为卡斯蒂利亚人攻陷， 从而结束了摩尔人对西班牙的统治。人口约30万）的围攻开始。

• 1542 - Battle of Solway Moss. An English army invades Scotland and defeats a Scottish army.
  1542年，索尔威·摩斯之战。一支英国军队侵入苏格兰并击败了一支苏格兰军。

• 1758 - French and Indian War: British forces capture Fort Duquesne from French control.
  1758年，法印战争：英国军队从法国人管辖区里抓捕走了弗特·迪凯纳。

• 1783 - American Revolutionary War: The last British troops leave New York City three months after the signing of the Treaty of Paris.
  1783年，美国解放战争：在签署巴黎条约三个月之后，英国军队离开了纽约城。

• 1795 - Partitions of Poland: Stanislaus August Poniatowski, the last king of independent Poland, was forced to abdicate and move to Russia.
  1795年，瓜分波兰：独立的波兰的最后一任国王斯坦尼斯洛斯·奥戈斯特·波尼亚托斯基被强迫退位并移居俄国。

• 1863 - American Civil War: Battle of Missionary Ridge - At Missionary Ridge in Tennessee, Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant break the Siege of Chattanooga by routing Confederate troops under General Braxton Bragg.
  1863年，美国内战：传教山之战——在田纳西州的传教山，由将军尤利西斯 S·格兰特率领的联军击溃了布莱斯顿带领的盟军，突破了查塔努加包围圈。

• 1874 - The United States Greenback Party is established as a political party made primarily of farmers financially hurt by the Panic of 1873.
  1874年，受1873年恐慌而财政遭受到损失的农场主们成立了一个叫“美联众绿钞党”的政党。

• 1905 - Haakon VII arrives in Norway.
  1905年，霍肯七世抵达挪威。

• 1913 - Panama becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires copyright treaty.
  1913年，巴拿马成为布宜诺斯艾利斯版权条约的签约国。

• 1936 - In Berlin, Nazi-Germany and Japan sign the Anti-Comintern Pact, thus agreeing to consult on what measures to take to safeguard their common interests in case of an unprovoked attack by the Soviet Union against either nation.
  1936，在柏林，纳粹德国和日本签署了*产国际公约，随后同意为防止苏联对他国的突然袭击、“捍卫他们的共同利益”而进行协商。

• 1940 - Woody Woodpecker first appears, in the film Knock Knock.
  1940年，伍德·伍德派克首次亮相于电影“敲门人”中。

• 1947 - Red Scare: The Hollywood Ten are blacklisted by Hollywood movie studios.
  1947年红色恐怖：“好莱坞十人”被列上好莱坞各电影制作室的黑名单。

• 1947 - New Zealand ratifies the Statute of Westminster and thus becomes independent of legislative control by the United Kingdom.
  1947年，纽西兰经威斯特敏斯特法令批准，从英国那里获得了独立立法的权力。

• 1950 - The People's Republic of China joins the Korean War, sending thousands of volunteers across the Yalu river border to attack United Nations forces.
  1950年，中华人民共和国卷入朝鲜战争，派出了成千上万的“志愿军”跨过鸭绿江，发起对联合国军队的进攻。

• 1952 - Agatha Christie's murder-mystery play The Mousetrap opens at the Ambassadors Theatre in London, still the longest continuously running play in history).
  1952年，阿加莎·克利斯蒂的神秘谋杀戏剧“捕鼠器”在伦敦的大使剧院上映，并仍然是史上持续上映时间最长的戏剧。

• 1953 - The England football team suffer their first home defeat against continental opposition.
  1953，在和来自欧洲大陆的球队的比赛中，英格兰队首尝主场败绩。

• 1958 - French Sudan gains autonomy as a self-governing member of the French Community.
  1958年，法国的苏丹作为法兰西共同体的独立自治成员获得了自治权。

• 1960 - The Mirabal sisters of the Dominican Republic were assassinated .
  1960年，多米尼加共和国的“米拉葆”三姐妹遇刺（三姐妹生前积极地反对该国内的专政制度）。

• 1963 - John F. Kennedy assassination: John F. Kennedy is buried at Arlington National Cemetery.|
  1963年，肯尼迪刺杀案：约翰 F·肯尼迪在阿林顿国家公墓被安葬。

• 1970 - In Japan, author Yukio Mishima and two compatriots commit ritualistic suicide after failing to sway public opinion during an unsuccessful coup attempt.
  1970年，日本作家三岛由纪夫在政变失败后，同两名同胞剖腹自尽。

• 1973 - Greek President George Papadopoulos is ousted in military coup led by Lieutenant General Phaidon Gizikis.
  1973年，希腊总统乔治·帕帕多波洛斯被由费顿·格兹科斯中将发动的军事政变赶下了台。

• 1975 - Suriname becomes independent.
  1975年，苏里南独立。

• 1984 - Thirty-six of Britain and Ireland's top pop musicians gathered in a Notting Hill studio as Band Aid to record the song Do They Know It's Christmas in order to raise money for famine relief in Ethiopia.
  1984年，36位英国和爱尔兰的顶尖流行音乐家齐聚诺丁山录音室作为“乐队援肋”计划录制了歌曲“他们知道现在是圣诞节了吗”，用来为缓解发生在埃塞俄比亚的饥荒筹款。

• 1986 - Iran Contra Affair: US Attorney General Edwin Meese announces that profits from covert weapons sales to Iran were illegally diverted to the anti-communist Contra rebels in Nicaragua.
  1986年，反伊朗事件：美国首席检察官埃德温·米斯宣布来自暗中给伊朗销售武器的利润所得被非法的转移给了尼加拉瓜*产主义陈营中的反对派武装。

• 1992 - The Czechoslovakia Federal Assembly votes to split the country into the Czech Republic and Slovakia starting on January 1, 1993.
  1992年，捷克斯洛伐克联邦全体投票将国家一分为二成捷克共和国和斯洛伐克，自1993年1月1日起生效。

• 1994 - Sony founder Akio Morita announces he will be stepping down as CEO of the floundering company.
  1994年，索尼的创始人盛田昭夫宣布他将退出身处困境的公司的首席执行官一职。

• 1999 - The United Nations General Assembly passes a resolution designating November 25 as the annual International Day to Eliminate Violence Against Women.
  1999年，联合国大会集体投票通过将每年的11月25日定做“国际消灭对妇女实施暴力日”的决议。

• 2002 - US President George W. Bush signs the Homeland Security Act into law.
  2002年，美国总统乔治 W·布什签署了国家安全法案。

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我想知道我的生日那天发生了什么大事 呵呵

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• 1125
• 1034 - Malcolm II of Scotland dies. Duncan, the son of his second daughter, instead of Macbeth, the son of his eldest daughter, inherits the throne.
  1034年，苏格兰马尔科姆二世国王逝世。他二女儿的儿子邓肯取代了长女的儿子麦克白，继承了王位。

• 1120 - Wreck of the White Ship in the English Channel, drowning William Adelin, son of Henry I of England.
  1120年，白色号船在英格兰海峡失事，溺死了英格兰亨利二世国王的儿子，威廉·阿德林。

• 1491 - The siege of Granada, last Moorish stronghold in Spain, begins.
  1491年，对西班牙最后一个摩尔人的要塞格兰纳达城（格拉纳达为西班牙南部一座城市，位于科尔多瓦东南，由摩尔人于8世纪创建，在1238年成为一个独立王国的中心。该城于1492年为卡斯蒂利亚人攻陷， 从而结束了摩尔人对西班牙的统治。人口约30万）的围攻开始。

• 1542 - Battle of Solway Moss. An English army invades Scotland and defeats a Scottish army.
  1542年，索尔威·摩斯之战。一支英国军队侵入苏格兰并击败了一支苏格兰军。

• 1758 - French and Indian War: British forces capture Fort Duquesne from French control.
  1758年，法印战争：英国军队从法国人管辖区里抓捕走了弗特·迪凯纳。

• 1783 - American Revolutionary War: The last British troops leave New York City three months after the signing of the Treaty of Paris.
  1783年，美国解放战争：在签署巴黎条约三个月之后，英国军队离开了纽约城。

• 1795 - Partitions of Poland: Stanislaus August Poniatowski, the last king of independent Poland, was forced to abdicate and move to Russia.
  1795年，瓜分波兰：独立的波兰的最后一任国王斯坦尼斯洛斯·奥戈斯特·波尼亚托斯基被强迫退位并移居俄国。

• 1863 - American Civil War: Battle of Missionary Ridge - At Missionary Ridge in Tennessee, Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant break the Siege of Chattanooga by routing Confederate troops under General Braxton Bragg.
  1863年，美国内战：传教山之战——在田纳西州的传教山，由将军尤利西斯 S·格兰特率领的联军击溃了布莱斯顿带领的盟军，突破了查塔努加包围圈。

• 1874 - The United States Greenback Party is established as a political party made primarily of farmers financially hurt by the Panic of 1873.
  1874年，受1873年恐慌而财政遭受到损失的农场主们成立了一个叫“美联众绿钞党”的政党。

• 1905 - Haakon VII arrives in Norway.
  1905年，霍肯七世抵达挪威。

• 1913 - Panama becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires copyright treaty.
  1913年，巴拿马成为布宜诺斯艾利斯版权条约的签约国。

• 1936 - In Berlin, Nazi-Germany and Japan sign the Anti-Comintern Pact, thus agreeing to consult on what measures to take to safeguard their common interests in case of an unprovoked attack by the Soviet Union against either nation.
  1936，在柏林，纳粹德国和日本签署了*产国际公约，随后同意为防止苏联对他国的突然袭击、“捍卫他们的共同利益”而进行协商。

• 1940 - Woody Woodpecker first appears, in the film Knock Knock.
  1940年，伍德·伍德派克首次亮相于电影“敲门人”中。

• 1947 - Red Scare: The Hollywood Ten are blacklisted by Hollywood movie studios.
  1947年红色恐怖：“好莱坞十人”被列上好莱坞各电影制作室的黑名单。

• 1947 - New Zealand ratifies the Statute of Westminster and thus becomes independent of legislative control by the United Kingdom.
  1947年，纽西兰经威斯特敏斯特法令批准，从英国那里获得了独立立法的权力。

• 1950 - The People's Republic of China joins the Korean War, sending thousands of volunteers across the Yalu river border to attack United Nations forces.
  1950年，中华人民共和国卷入朝鲜战争，派出了成千上万的“志愿军”跨过鸭绿江，发起对联合国军队的进攻。

• 1952 - Agatha Christie's murder-mystery play The Mousetrap opens at the Ambassadors Theatre in London, still the longest continuously running play in history).
  1952年，阿加莎·克利斯蒂的神秘谋杀戏剧“捕鼠器”在伦敦的大使剧院上映，并仍然是史上持续上映时间最长的戏剧。

• 1953 - The England football team suffer their first home defeat against continental opposition.
  1953，在和来自欧洲大陆的球队的比赛中，英格兰队首尝主场败绩。

• 1958 - French Sudan gains autonomy as a self-governing member of the French Community.
  1958年，法国的苏丹作为法兰西共同体的独立自治成员获得了自治权。

• 1960 - The Mirabal sisters of the Dominican Republic were assassinated .
  1960年，多米尼加共和国的“米拉葆”三姐妹遇刺（三姐妹生前积极地反对该国内的专政制度）。

• 1963 - John F. Kennedy assassination: John F. Kennedy is buried at Arlington National Cemetery.|
  1963年，肯尼迪刺杀案：约翰 F·肯尼迪在阿林顿国家公墓被安葬。

• 1970 - In Japan, author Yukio Mishima and two compatriots commit ritualistic suicide after failing to sway public opinion during an unsuccessful coup attempt.
  1970年，日本作家三岛由纪夫在政变失败后，同两名同胞剖腹自尽。

• 1973 - Greek President George Papadopoulos is ousted in military coup led by Lieutenant General Phaidon Gizikis.
  1973年，希腊总统乔治·帕帕多波洛斯被由费顿·格兹科斯中将发动的军事政变赶下了台。

• 1975 - Suriname becomes independent.
  1975年，苏里南独立。

• 1984 - Thirty-six of Britain and Ireland's top pop musicians gathered in a Notting Hill studio as Band Aid to record the song Do They Know It's Christmas in order to raise money for famine relief in Ethiopia.
  1984年，36位英国和爱尔兰的顶尖流行音乐家齐聚诺丁山录音室作为“乐队援肋”计划录制了歌曲“他们知道现在是圣诞节了吗”，用来为缓解发生在埃塞俄比亚的饥荒筹款。

• 1986 - Iran Contra Affair: US Attorney General Edwin Meese announces that profits from covert weapons sales to Iran were illegally diverted to the anti-communist Contra rebels in Nicaragua.
  1986年，反伊朗事件：美国首席检察官埃德温·米斯宣布来自暗中给伊朗销售武器的利润所得被非法的转移给了尼加拉瓜*产主义陈营中的反对派武装。

• 1992 - The Czechoslovakia Federal Assembly votes to split the country into the Czech Republic and Slovakia starting on January 1, 1993.
  1992年，捷克斯洛伐克联邦全体投票将国家一分为二成捷克共和国和斯洛伐克，自1993年1月1日起生效。

• 1994 - Sony founder Akio Morita announces he will be stepping down as CEO of the floundering company.
  1994年，索尼的创始人盛田昭夫宣布他将退出身处困境的公司的首席执行官一职。

• 1999 - The United Nations General Assembly passes a resolution designating November 25 as the annual International Day to Eliminate Violence Against Women.
  1999年，联合国大会集体投票通过将每年的11月25日定做“国际消灭对妇女实施暴力日”的决议。

• 2002 - US President George W. Bush signs the Homeland Security Act into law.
  2002年，美国总统乔治 W·布什签署了国家安全法案。

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• 1126
• 1778 - In the Hawaiian Islands, Captain James Cook becomes the first European to discover Maui.
  1778年，在夏威夷岛屿，詹姆士·库克船长成为第一个发现毛伊岛（请注意不是毛利）的欧洲人。

• 1862 - Charles Dodgson (better known as Lewis Carroll) sends the handwritten manuscript of Alice's Adventures Underground to 10-year-old Alice Liddell.
  1862年，查尔斯·道奇森（更出名的是叫作刘易斯·卡罗）将他的艾丽丝地宫冒险记的手稿寄给了当时10岁的艾丽丝·利德尔。

• 1865 -The Battle of Papudo between Spain and a combined Peruvian-Chilean fleet.
  1865年，在西班牙和一支秘鲁-智力联合的舰队间发生的帕普多战役。

• 1918 - the Podgorica Assembly voted for union of the people, declaring a joining into the Kingdom of Serbia.
  1918年，波德戈里察(南斯拉夫南部城市铁托格勒)为人民团结举行全民投票，宣布加入塞尔维亚共和国。

• 1922 - Howard Carter and Lord Carnarvon become the first people to enter the tomb of Egyptian King Tutankhamun in over 3000 years.
  1922年，霍华德·卡特和卡那封郡郡主成为首批进入历史长达3000年的古埃及国王图坦哈曼坟墓的人。

• 1941 - US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signs a bill establishing the fourth Thursday in November as Thanksgiving Day in the United States.
  1941年，美国总统弗兰克林·迪拉诺·罗斯福签署了将11月第四个周四定为美国感恩节的法案。

• 1941 - World War II: Attack on Pearl Harbor - A fleet of six aircraft carriers commanded by Japanese Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumo leaves Hitokapu Bay for Pearl Harbor under strict radio silence.
  1941年，二战期间：偷袭珍珠港——日本舰队副司令（海军中将）南云中一指挥一支由六条航空母舰为主力的舰队在保持彻底无线电静默的情况下，离开日本前往珍珠港。

• 1941 - World War II: The Hull note ultimatum is delivered to Japan by the United States.
  1941年，二战期间：美国将赫尔最终通谍递交给了日本（通谍中提出了要求日本需从中国全部撤军的条件，令日本大为失望）。

• 1942 - The film Casablanca premieres at the Hollywood Theater in New York City.
  1942年，电影卡萨布拉卡的首映式在纽约城的好莱坞剧场举行。

• 1942 - World War II: Yugoslav Partisans convened the first meeting of the Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia at Bihać in northwestern Bosnia.
  1942年，二战期间：南斯拉夫游击队在波斯尼亚西北部城市比哈克，召开了南斯拉夫国家自由反-法西斯委员会的第一次会议。

• 1949 - The Indian Constituent Assembly adopts India's constitution.
  1949年，“印度宪法全体投票”通过了印度的宪法。

• 1950 - Korean War: Troops from the People's Republic of China move into North Korea and launch a massive counterattack against South Korean and American forces (Battle of Chosin Reservoir), ending any thought of a quick end to the conflict.
  1950年，朝鲜战争：中华人民共和国的部队进军北朝鲜并对南韩和美国的军队发动大规模的反攻，结束了（联合国和美国方面）速战速决的打算。

• 1968 - British rock band Cream performs their farewell concert at the Royal Albert Hall.
  1968年，不列颠摇滚乐队奶油在皇家阿尔伯特音乐厅举行了他们的告别音乐会。

• 1970 - In Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe, 1.5 inches (38.1mm) of rain falls in one minute, the heaviest rainfall ever on record.
  1970年在瓜德罗普岛的巴斯特尔（首府），一分钟内该地降雨量达1.5英寸（38.1毫米），由此成为有记录以来最强的降雨。

• 1976 - The Band performs their final concert, dubbed The Last Waltz. Ironically, one of the guest performers was Eric Clapton, whose band Cream also played their farewell concert on November 26.
  1976年，英国乐队“乐队”表演了他们最后的音乐会，并收录到电影“最后的华尔兹”中。具有讽刺意味地是，其中一位嘉宾表演者正是艾里克·克拉普顿（编者注：白人布鲁斯吉他大师），他的乐队奶油在同一天26号举行了告别音乐会。

• 1983 - Brinks Mat robbery: In London, 6,800 gold bars worth nearly UK£26 million are taken from the Brinks Mat vault at Heathrow Airport.
  1983年，布瑞恩克斯·麦特抢劫案：伦敦6800个金条从位于希思罗机场的布瑞恩克斯·麦特密室中被抢走，价值近2600万英镑。

• 1985 - US President Ronald Reagan signs over rights to his autobiography to Random House for a record US$3 million.
  1985年，美国总统罗纳德·里根签署版权协议，将其自传权以破纪录的300万美元的价格转让给了雷登书屋。

• 1986 - The New Yorker publishes Susan Sontag's AIDS short story, The Way We Live Now
  1986年，纽约客出版局出版发行了苏珊·商塔格（生于1933， 美国作家，以其关于当代文化的论文而著称）的艾滋病短篇小说，《我们现在生活的方式》。

• 1998 - Tony Blair becomes the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom to address the Republic of Ireland's parliament.
  1998年，托尼·布莱尔成为英国第一个向爱尔兰共和国国会致辞的首相。

• 2003 - Last flight of the Concorde.
  2003年，协和式飞机的最后一次飞行。

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1127

• 399 - St. Anastius I becomes Pope.
  399年，圣·安纳斯修斯一世成为教皇。

• 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont.
  1095年，教皇乌尔班二世在克莱蒙特会议上宣布第一次十字军东征。

• 1703 - The first Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed in the Great Storm of 1703.
  1703年，第一座埃迪斯通灯塔在1703年的大风暴中被毁。

• 1839 - In Boston, Massachusetts, the American Statistical Association is founded.
  1839年，在美国马萨诸塞州的波士顿，美国统计学协会成立。

• 1863 - American Civil War: Confederate cavalry leader John Hunt Morgan and several of his men escape the Ohio state prison and return safely to the South.
  1863年，美国内战期间：盟军骑军首领约翰 亨特·摩根和几个手下从俄亥俄州监狱中越狱并安全返回了南方。

• 1868 - Indian Wars: Battle of Washita River - United States Army Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer leads an attack on Cheyenne living on reservation land.
  1868年，印第安战争：沃希托河之战--美国陆军上尉团长乔治·阿姆斯特朗·卡斯特发起了向居住在保留地上的夏安族人的进攻。

• 1895 - At the Swedish-Norwegian Club in Paris, Alfred Nobel signs his last will and testament, setting aside his estate to establish the Nobel Prize after he dies.
  1895年，在巴黎的瑞典人-挪威人俱乐部，阿尔佛雷德·诺贝尔在他最后的遗嘱上签名，确定在他死后将他的遗产用来建立诺贝尔奖金。

• 1901 - U.S. Army War College is established.
  1901年，美国陆军军事学院建立。

• 1912 - Spain declares a protectorate over the north shore of Morocco.
  1912年，西班牙宣布其成为摩洛哥北岸地区的保护国。

• 1919 - Haiti becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires copyright treaty.
  1919年，海地成为布宜诺斯艾利斯版权条约的签字国之一。

• 1924 - In New York City the first Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade is held.
  1924年，纽约城中第一届梅西（百货）感恩节大游行举行。

• 1926 - In Williamsburg, Virginia, the restoration of Colonial Williamsburg begins.
  1926年，在维吉尼亚州的威廉斯堡，威廉斯堡殖民地的重建工作开始了（实际是改建成旧时的风格）。

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• 1128
• 1095 - On the last day of the Council of Clermont, Pope Urban II appoints Bishop Adhemar of Le Puy and Count Raymond IV of Toulouse to lead the First Crusade to the Holy Land.
  1095年，教皇乌尔班二世在克莱蒙特会议最后一天中，任命阿德赫马主教和雷蒙德伯爵四世率领十字军第一次东征圣城（耶路撒冷）。

• 1443 - Skanderbeg and his forces liberate Kruja, in Middle Albania and raise the Albanian flag.
  1443年，斯堪德博格和他的克鲁加解放军（山地军）在中阿尔巴尼亚升起阿尔巴尼亚的大旗。

• 1520 - After navigating through the South American strait, three ships under the command of Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan reach the Pacific Ocean, becoming the first Europeans to sail from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific.
  1520年，葡萄牙探险家费尔迪南德·麦哲伦指挥三艘船穿过南美海峡，到达太平洋，成为首批从大西洋航海到太平洋的欧洲人。

• 1582 - In Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare and Anne Hathaway pay a ￡40 bond for their marriage licence.
  1582年，在爱芬河边的斯特拉特福德，威廉·莎士比亚和安·哈撒薇为他们的结婚证付了40英镑违约金。

• 1660 - At Gresham College, 12 men, including Christopher Wren, Robert Boyle, John Wilkins, and Sir Robert Moray decide to found what is later known as the Royal Society.
  1660年，在格瑞汉学院，包括克里斯托弗·雷恩（1632-1723， 英国建筑师，曾设计过五十多座伦敦教堂，最著名的是圣保罗大教堂1675-1710年。他的非宗教类作品包括牛津的谢尔顿剧院1664-1669年和剑桥大学的三位一体学院图书馆1676-1684年），罗伯特·波义耳（1627-1691， 爱尔兰裔英籍物理学家和化学家，他的化学元素和反应的精确定义将化学开始从冶金术中分离出来。在1662年他提出了波义耳定律），约翰·威尔金斯和罗伯特·莫瑞在内的12个男人，决定成立皇家学会（现为伦敦著名科研研究院和学校）。

• 1729 - Natchez Indians massacre 138 Frenchmen, 35 French women, and 56 children at Fort Rosalie, near the site of modern-day Natchez.
  1729年，纳齐兹（印地安人部落, 原居美国密西西比州西南部的印第安人的一个部落, 现已灭绝）印第安人在今日纳齐兹遗址附近的罗莎莉堡垒处屠杀了138名法国男人，35名法国女人和56名儿童。

• 1785 - The Treaty of Hopewell is signed.
  1785年，（美国）霍普维尔条约签订（用于解决边界问题）。

• 1843 - Ka Lahui: Hawaiian Independence Day - The Kingdom of Hawaii is officially recognized by the United Kingdom and France as an independent nation.
  1843年，卡·拉会日：夏威夷独立日——夏威夷王国正式被英国和法国承认为一个独立国家。

• 1862 - American Civil War: In the Battle of Cane Hill, Union troops under General John Blunt defeat General John Marmaduke's Confederates.
  1862年，美国内战期间：凯恩山之战中，在约翰·布兰特率领下的联军击溃了约翰·马默杜克率领下的盟军。

• 1895 - The first American automobile race takes place over the 54 miles from Chicago's Jackson Park to Evanston, Illinois. Frank Duryea wins in approximately 10 hours.
  1895年，第一届美国机动车竞赛在全长54英里的芝加哥杰克逊公园到伊利诺斯州艾文斯顿间举行。弗兰克·德耶以约10小时的成绩取胜。

• 1905 - Irish nationalist Arthur Griffith founds Sinn Féin as a political party whose goal is the independence of Ireland.
  1905年，爱尔兰民族主义者亚瑟·格里菲恩组建政党新芬党，目标是爱尔兰的独立。

• 1907 - In Haverhill, Mas